Triptans are a family of tryptamine-based drugs used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches. Triptans act as antimigraine agents by selectively binding to the serotonin receptors 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D.
The role of serotonin (5HT) in migraine is recognized to be the cornerstone for the currently available therapeutic options namely ergot alkaloids and triptans. The role of mediators such as Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide and excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, has been realized and ignited the development of drugs targeting these factors. Having a group of drugs with a nonvascular mechanism of action, devoid of unwanted effects with a different spectrum of indication and contraindications, is the need of the hour to expand the armamentarium available to tackle acute migraine attack. (Xavier et al, 2017)
Sumatriptan | Peaks in 12 mins if Subcutaneous | Elimination half life is 2 hours | For rapid onset attack |
Rizatriptan | Peaks in 1 hour if nasal | Elimination half life is 2 hours | |
Zolmitriptan | Peaks in 1 hour if PO | Elimination half life is 2-3 hours | |
Almotriptan | Peaks in 2 hours | Elimination half life is 3-4 hours | |
Eletriptan | Peaks in 2 hours | Elimination half life is 4 hours | |
Naratriptan | Peaks in 2 hours | Elimination half life is 6 hours | |
Frovatriptan | Peaks in 2 hours | Elimination half life is 26 hours | Long lasting effect |
Xavier AS, Lakshmanan M, Gunaseelan V. The Journey of the Non-Vascular Relief for Migraine: From 'Triptans' To 'Ditans'. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2017;12(1):36-40. doi: 10.2174/1574884712666170419155048. PMID: 28425871.