An elevated ESR, RF CRP and anti-CCP may indicate the presence of TMJ complains in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. (Jalal et al, 2022)
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a widely used marker of inflammation. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sedimentation rate, sed rate, or ESR for short) is a commonly performed hematology test that may indicate and monitor an increase in inflammatory activity within the body caused by one or more conditions such as autoimmune disease, infections, or tumors. The ESR is not specific for any single disease but is used in combination with other tests to determine the presence of increased inflammatory activity. (Tishkowski et al, 2023)
Rheumatoid factors are anti-IgG immunoglobulins which occur in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factors found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are autoantibodies binding to IgG and paradoxically appear to circulate in blood alongside with their antigen (IgG) without reacting with it. (Maibom-Thomsen et al, 2019)
CRP is a protein of the acute systemic inflammation and is, therefore, a prime marker of inflammation. (Moutachakkir et al, 2017) C-reactive protein (CRP) is routinely assessed as a marker of systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
ACPAs have high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for RA. (Trier, 2023) Individuals with high anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers have an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (Wu et al, 2020)
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Trier NH, Houen G. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2023 Jul-Dec;23(10):895-911. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2247986. Epub 2023 Aug 21. PMID: 37578277.
Wu CY, Yang HY, Lai JH. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 4;21(11):4015. doi: 10.3390/ijms21114015. PMID: 32512739; PMCID: PMC7312469.