Dyskinesias are involuntary, erratic, writhing movements of the face, arms, legs or trunk. They are often fluid and dance-like, but they may also cause rapid jerking or slow and extended muscle spasms.
Tardive dyskinesia is a potentially irreversible syndrome of involuntary hyperkinetic movements that occur in predisposed persons receiving extended neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drug therapy. (Casey, 1990) Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with several unwanted effects, of which dyskinesia is the most disabling. (Heumann et al, 2014)
An example of oral dyskinesia is abnormal tongue tremor or movements. Oromandibular Dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, purposeless, involuntary movements in the oral, lingual, and buccal area, is a disabling condition that can be a complication of treatment with antipsychotics. (Emamikhah et al, 2021)
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Pi EH, Simpson GM. Tardive dyskinesia and abnormal tongue movements. Br J Psychiatry. 1981 Dec;139:526-8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.139.6.526. PMID: 7332858.
Emamikhah M, Vahedi Z, Rohani M, Shalbafan M. Clinicians Should Look for Oromandibular Dyskinesia During the Pandemic: The Mask Issue! Can J Neurol Sci. 2021 Jul 14:1-2. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2021.162. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34256882.