Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor typically used for indications including epilepsy, glaucoma, edema, and altitude sickness, (Van Berkel & Elefritz, 2018) and is the only carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with significant diuretic effects. (Kassamali & Sica, 2011).
Some of the indications include:
One of the main adverse effects is an allergic reaction, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been reported in Asian populations. (Her et al., 2011). Interaction with salicylate was also reported in elderly patients, developing lethargy, incontinence, and confusion after dosing with acetazolamide. (Sweeney et al., 1986)
The potential benefits of acetazolamide include ventilator weaning for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, avoidance of invasive procedures in patients with a CSF leak or elevated ICP, and prevention of high-dose methotrexate toxicity and contrast-induced nephropathy. (Van Berkel & Elefritz, 2018)
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McGrail K, Chapple AG, Stone G, Sutton EF, Chappell NR. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Perioperative Administration of Acetazolamide for Management of Postoperative Pain after Laparoscopy. JSLS. 2022 Jul-Sep;26(3):e2022.00032. doi: 10.4293/JSLS.2022.00032. PMID: 36071992; PMCID: PMC9385114.
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